The Quran specifies that God gave Moses nine miracles to present to Pharoah and his people.
[27:12] “Put your hand in your pocket; it will come out white, without a blemish. These are among nine miracles to Pharaoh and his people, for they are wicked people.”
وَأَدْخِلْ يَدَكَ فِى جَيْبِكَ تَخْرُجْ بَيْضَآءَ مِنْ غَيْرِ سُوٓءٍ فِى تِسْعِ ءَايَـٰتٍ إِلَىٰ فِرْعَوْنَ وَقَوْمِهِۦٓ إِنَّهُمْ كَانُوا۟ قَوْمًا فَـٰسِقِينَ
[17:101] We supported Moses with nine profound miracles—ask the Children of Israel. When he went to them, Pharaoh said to him, “I think that you, Moses, are bewitched.”
وَلَقَدْ ءَاتَيْنَا مُوسَىٰ تِسْعَ ءَايَـٰتٍۭ بَيِّنَـٰتٍ فَسْـَٔلْ بَنِىٓ إِسْرَٰٓءِيلَ إِذْ جَآءَهُمْ فَقَالَ لَهُۥ فِرْعَوْنُ إِنِّى لَأَظُنُّكَ يَـٰمُوسَىٰ مَسْحُورًا
- Staff turned into a serpent (7:107)
- Hand turned white (7:108)
- Drought, and shortage of crops (7:130)
- Flood (7:133)
- Locusts (7:133)
- Lice (7:133)
- Frogs (7:133)
- Blood (7:133)
- Parting the sea (2:50, 20:77, 26:63)
While the Biblical account does not provide an explicit count of the miracles given to Moses specifically for Pharaoh, it does detail several miraculous signs and plagues that Moses performed. These are primarily listed in the Book of Exodus, chapters 7 to 12, and include:
- Staff turning into a snake (Exodus 7:10-12)
- Hand turning leprous (Exodus 4:6-7)
- Water turning to blood (Exodus 7:20)
- Frogs (Exodus 8:6)
- Gnats (Exodus 8:17)
- Flies (Exodus 8:24)
- Livestock disease (Exodus 9:6)
- Boils (Exodus 9:10)
- Hail (Exodus 9:23)
- Locusts (Exodus 10:13-14)
- Darkness (Exodus 10:22)
- Death of the firstborn (Exodus 12:29)
Among the miracles or plagues described in the Bible, Jews today often regard the final plague, the death of the firstborn, as the most significant and memorable. This is because they equate this miracle to the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt. The observance of Passover (Pesach) commemorates this event, specifically the night when God “passed over” the houses of the Israelites, sparing their firstborn while striking down the firstborn of the Egyptians (Exodus 12:29-32). This miracle is central to Jewish religious and cultural identity, symbolizing freedom and God’s deliverance.
Interestingly, this most notable miracle by the Jews is absent in the Quran, and this concept of killing a child for the wickedness of their parent goes against other teachings in the Bible.
Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin. – Deuteronomy 24:16
The one who sins is the one who will die. The child will not share the guilt of the parent, nor will the parent share the guilt of the child. The righteousness of the righteous will be credited to them, and the wickedness of the wicked will be charged against them. – Ezekiel 18:20
In those days people will no longer say, ‘The parents have eaten sour grapes, and the children’s teeth are set on edge.’ Instead, everyone will die for their own sin; whoever eats sour grapes—their own teeth will be set on edge. – Jeremiah 31:29-30
Yet he did not put the children of the assassins to death, in accordance with what is written in the Book of the Law of Moses where the Lord commanded: ‘Parents are not to be put to death for their children, nor children put to death for their parents; each will die for their own sin.’ – 2 Kings 14:6
